Scheduled Monument: Brixworth Market Cross (1018860)

DESCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENT The monument includes a standing stone cross situated on the south side of Church Street, immediately to the east of its junction with Cross Hill. In plan the cross base is octagonal, rising in four steps of block construction. The treads of the lower three show considerable signs of wear, particularly on the northern side. The base supports a square socket stone with carved decoration to the upper corners. The north face is incised with the date 1727, commemorating the accession of George III. Morticed into the socket stone, the stump - approximately 70cm high - of the original shaft is square in plan, chamfered to an octagon. The architectural style of the cross, which is Listed Grade II, suggests a construction date between the 14th and 16th centuries, with some resetting in the earlier part of the 20th century. All modern road and path surfaces where they fall within the monument's protective margin are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath them is included. ASSESSMENT OF IMPORTANCE A standing cross is a free standing upright structure, usually of stone, mostly erected during the medieval period (mid 10th to mid 16th centuries AD). Standing crosses served a variety of functions. In churchyards they served as stations for outdoor processions, particularly in the observance of Palm Sunday. Elsewhere, standing crosses were used within settlements as places for preaching, public proclamation and penance, as well as defining rights of sanctuary. Standing crosses were also employed to mark boundaries between parishes, property, or settlements. A few crosses were erected to commemorate battles. Some crosses were linked to particular saints, whose support and protection their presence would have helped to invoke. Crosses in market places may have helped to validate transactions. After the Reformation, some crosses continued in use as foci for municipal or borough ceremonies, for example as places for official proclamations and announcements; some were the scenes of games or recreational activity. Standing crosses were distributed throughout England and are thought to have numbered in excess of 12,000. However, their survival since the Reformation has been variable, being much affected by local conditions, attitudes and religious sentiment. In particular, many cross-heads were destroyed by iconoclasts during the 16th and 17th centuries. Less than 2,000 medieval standing crosses, with or without cross-heads, are now thought to exist. The oldest and most basic form of standing cross is the monolith, a stone shaft often set directly in the ground without a base. The most common form is the stepped cross, in which the shaft is set in a socket stone and raised upon a flight of steps; this type of cross remained current from the 11th to 12th centuries until after the Reformation. Where the cross-head survives it may take a variety of forms, from a lantern-like structure to a crucifix; the more elaborate examples date from the 15th century. Much less common than stepped crosses are spire-shaped crosses, often composed of three or four receding stages with elaborate architectural decoration and/or sculptured figures; the most famous of these include the Eleanor crosses, erected by Edward I at the stopping places of the funeral cortege of his wife, who died in 1290. Also uncommon are the preaching crosses which were built in public places from the 13th century, typically in the cemeteries of religious communities and cathedrals, market places and wide thoroughfares; they include a stepped base, buttresses supporting a vaulted canopy, in turn carrying either a shaft and head or a pinnacled spire. Standing crosses contribute significantly to our understanding of medieval customs, both secular and religious, and to our knowledge of medieval parishes and settlement patterns. All crosses which survive as standing monuments, especially those which stand in or near their original location, are considered worthy of protection. Brixworth market cross is a well preserved example of a standing cross with an octagonal stepped base and chamfered shaft located in or near its original position. Archaeological deposits relating to the monument's construction and use in this location are likely to survive as buried features. Most of the cross has survived from medieval times and it continues to function as a public monument and amenity.

Record last edited

Dec 7 2023 10:45AM