Building record 3471/0/3 - The Menagerie, Horton Hall

Garden building in Horton Park, constructed during the late 1750s by Thomas Wright (attributed) for 2nd Earl of Halifax, restored in 1975-1979 and extended in 1980-82. It was used as an animal house, banqueting room and folly, and comprises a single storey central block with end pavilions and a screen wall.

{1} Illustration of The Menagerie; Colvin notes that Garret was still at Horton in 1750.

{2} Design for new façade and a menagerie for the 1st Earl of Halifax. 1. Elevation of south front; 2. Elevation of menagerie. Designs by Daniel Garnett who succeeded Lord Burlington as clerk of works and draughtsman.

{3} The present garden at The Menagerie is recent. The site is where Lord Halifax kept animals in the C18th and was surrounded by a moat. It was described by Horace Walpole as "… a little wood prettily disposed with many basons of gold fish….". It was presumably laid out in the 1750s by Thomas Wright of Durham who was the architect of the building and also a garden designer. Four of the ponds are incorporated into the present design. Restoration was begun in 1975 but little was done to the garden until the 1980s when the central lime avenue and two hornbeam allees forming a patte d'oie and yew hedges were planted. The Rose Garden was designed by Vernon Russell-Smith in 1989. The main development of the garden was carried out from 1992-4; further descriptions of the recent garden development and a plan are given.

{5} The Menagerie was built to designs of Wright in the late 1750s; it stands to the east of the line of the southern avenue and on the southern boundary of the park. Its main façade faces the former hall. To the south is a two-acre moated enclosure presumably formerly associated with animals. In 1763 Walpole makes mention of the feature describing it as "… a little wood prettily disposed with many basons of gold fish…". Four circular ponds survive and have been incorporated into the late C20th garden design. A disused railway cuts through the southern tip of the menagerie enclosure.

{6} Garden building. Late 1750s by Thomas Wright (attributed) for 2nd Earl of Halifax. Restored 1975-1979 and 1980-82 when extended. Limestone ashlar, slate roofs, brick end stack to rear. Central block, end pavilions and screen wall links. Single-storey, 13-bay range. Centre breaks forward slightly and has open pediment and canted bay with semi-domed roof, originally of lead with raised vermiculated panels, now reproduced in fibre-glass. Bay has central part-panelled and glazed door with round-arched head and frostwork keyblock and sash windows to canted sides with similar heads and keyblocks. Centre is approached by grass mound and is flanked by lower bays with half-pediments and lean-to roofs. They each have a 12-pane sash with blocked surrounds and heads, vermiculation to keyblocks, blank balustrades to bases and pediments. Moulded plinth, a sill band, band at level and springing of bay window and door heads and base moulding of half-pediments carried across centre as string course, and continued as moulding across canted bay at base of blocking cornice. Blank panel with feet to central pediment. 3-bay screen walls either side have round-arched gateways flanked by niches with frostwork keyblocks. The gateway bays break forward slightly. Gateways have raised and blocked surrounds with vermiculation, frost work and dropped key blocks. End pavilions have small square windows with oversize blocked surrounds, frostwork to base panel and blocking and pyramidal roofs with ball-and-spear finials. The ashlar facing is of local limestone with better quality limestone dressings, possibly of Ketton stone. Extensions one room deep have been built behind screen walls, whose archways are now glazed and pavilions have been duplicated in rendered brick to rear. Rear elevation of main block is of red brick in English bond. Side bays projects forward to this side with hipped roofs and frame terrace approached by steps, with steps down to basement. Centre has pair of round-headed niches at terrace level. Bays either side were originally windowless with doorways to terrace on inner return sides, but now have sash windows inserted c.1980. Trellis screens to new wings either side of same date. Interior: saloon has fine plasterwork probably by Thomas Roberts of Oxford, restored by Christopher Hobbs and Leonard Stead and Son of Bradford. Saloon has "aisles" with openings to main space framed by fluted Roman Doric columns supporting full entablature to lintels with triglyph frieze and martial emblems to metopes. The openings are flanked by niches which originally held "four great urns, representing the animals of the four parts of the world, made of plaster, painted to look like bronze" (Walpole). These have been recreated. Bas-relief panels over niches with trophies of weapons appropriate to each of the Four Continents. Dado with egg-and-dart to base, continued round base of columns, and wave pattern to rail. Cornice of entablature to columns is continued round room below deep cove with medallions hung by bows bearing symbols of the Zodiac and framed by sprays matched to each symbol. The summer signs are over window wall, midwinter sign over chimneypiece. Ceiling shows Father Time with sythe and holding symbol of Eternity with the Four Winds to each corner of ceiling. Apollo's head in sunburst to ceiling of bay. Acanthus scrolls and cornucopiae to angles of cove. Chimneypiece of hard plaster painted to resemble porphyry with central panel bearing laurel wreath. Pedimented overmantel framing glass. Bay opposite has garlands over windows and door and drops either side with musical instruments. Side-rooms have rosettes to ceilings of vestibule alcoves leading to terrace doors. Central doors have been pierced in walls facing openings to saloon, where, side-boards may originally have stood. The Saloon was originally used as a banqueting room and music probably played in the bay. Basement where food was probably originally prepared has brick groin vault to main room below saloon. The menagerie itself was housed behind the building, which was designed both as banqueting house and eyecatcher for Horton House (demolished), in a circular enclosure just over 2 acres in extent and described by Horace Walpole in 1763 as "a little wood, prettily disposed with many basons of gold fish". Four of those circular ponds survive and a garden in the manner of Thomas Wright laid out on the site. The Menagerie has been attributed in the past to Daniel Garrett, but can confidently be ascribed to Wright who received payments from Lord Halifax in 1754, 1756 and 1757. (Buildings of England: Northamptonshire: 1973, p264; Alistair Rowan: Garden Buildings, R.I.B.A.: Drawings series 1968, plate 18; Gervase Jackson-Stops: The Menagerie, Horton: 1983 (guide); Lucinda Lambton: "Beastly Buildings": The National Trust Book of Architecture for Animals: 1985, p152)

{8} The Menagerie lies to the south-east of the old house. It is a single storey building with corner pavilions. The style is reminiscent of Kent and has been attributed to Daniel Garret who worked at Horton for Lord Halifax in the 1730s. However it has more recently been attributed to Thomas Wright who was working here after 1739. The interior contains fine plaster ceilings with Father Time, The Four Winds and signs of the Zodiac.

{13} Photographic survey of the shell grotto which was created in the basement in 1990 prior to its removal to reinstate the kitchen.

{14} Four undated photos;

{15} (SP 822534) A building on the S side of Horton Hall park apparently used by Lord Halifax as a menagerie lies on the N side of an ovoid ditched feature 100 m. by 130 m. over all.

<1> COLVIN, Untitled Source, p.150-6 (unchecked) (Illustration). SNN42672.

<2> 1973, RIBA Catalogue, p.13 (unchecked) (Catalogue). SNN42677.

<3> JACKSON-STOPS G., 1983, The Menagerie, Horton, (unchecked) (Guide). SNN43501.

<4> CORNFORTH J., 1967, Horton House, (unchecked) (Series). SNN57859.

<5> English Heritage, 1994, Register of Parks & Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England (1994, Northamptonshire), (checked) (Report). SNN1324.

<6> Clews Architects, 1980s, Database for Listing of Historic Buildings of Special Architectural Interest: Northamptonshire, 8/113 (checked) (Digital archive). SNN102353.

<7> List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest ("Greenback"), F12 (unchecked) (Catalogue). SNN45262.

<8> Pevsner N.; Cherry B., 1973, The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire, p.264 (unchecked) (Series). SNN1320.

<9> Rowan A., 1968, Garden Buildings, Plate 18 (unchecked) (Drawing). SNN106530.

<10> Lambton L., 1985, Beastly Buildings: The National Trust Book of Architecture for Animals, p.152 (unchecked) (Book). SNN106531.

<11> Northamptonshire SMR Collection of Aerial Photographs, NCCAP: SP8253/006-8+009-10 (unchecked) (Aerial Photograph(s)). SNN104822.

<12> Simmonds C., 2007, Salcey Forest and Yardley Chase Landscape Survey, Northamptonshire April-June 2007 Volume 1: Text, Appendices 1-3, Figures and Plates, p.34 (checked) (Report). SNN107913.

<13> Stimpson Walton Bond, 2017, The Menagerie, Horton- Shell Grotto: Photographic recording, 2017 (Report). SNN110850.

<14> Photographs of buildings in Hackleton (Photographs). SNN112513.

<15> Royal Commission on The Historical Monuments of England, 1979, An Inventory of The Historical Monuments in The County of Northampton, p. 69 (Series). SNN77380.

<16> Historic England, Horton House, Hackleton, BF061876 (Archive). SNN116361.

Record last edited

May 20 2024 3:10PM