ENN111423 - Land at Great Houghton, 2024 (Trial trench)

Archaeological features (excluding furrows) were identified in 87 of the 106 trenches. Datable artefacts were recovered from 41 of the trenches, indicating activity mainly dating to the middle to late Iron Age, medieval, post-medieval and modern periods. In general, the results match those identified in the geophysical survey (Allen Archaeology 2023), although, as is common, additional smaller features were identified in the settlement areas, whilst some geophysical anomalies proved not to represent sub-surface features. Two areas of dense middle to late Iron Age settlement were identified in the northern and southern parts of the site, characterised primarily by interlinked enclosures and boundaries, along with a number of roundhouses, storage pits and postholes. There was evidence for field systems and trackways associated with, but peripheral to, the northern and southern settlements and in the west of the site. One trench contained two parallel ditches which are likely to represent the remains of a medieval or post-medieval windmill. Other medieval to post-medieval activity included furrows spread across the whole site, and a large area of quarrying in the north of the site. A number of features and deposits were also revealed which yielded no datable artefacts, mainly in the south-eastern and western parts of site. Wherever possible, these have been assigned to a chronological period based on their correspondence with geophysical anomalies, or their physical relationship with or similarity to other, more securely dated archaeological remains. Investigation of the middle to Iron Age settlements has the potential to significantly enhance our knowledge of this period, and therefore has the potential to contribute to several local and regional research aims.